Hyperpigmentation or darkening of the skin is the result of an increased production of melanin by melanocytes (pigment-producing cells). It tends to occur more commonly in individuals with melanin-rich skin. There are many potential causes of hyperpigmentation including:

• Hormones (oral contraceptive pills, pregnancy)

• Genetics

• Skin trauma

• Sunburns/excessive sun exposure

• Medications

• Lentigines/Sun spots: These are dark spots that occur most commonly on the face, chest, and back of the hands as a result of excessive sun exposure

• Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation: This is hyperpigmentation that results from trauma to the skin

• Melasma: This type of hyperpigmentation is most commonly seen on the face and caused by hormonal changes.

There are many effective treatments for unwanted pigmentation including chemical peels, laser treatments, and topical skin care products, however, recurrence is common. Effective sun protection is the major key to preventing new dark spots from occurring after treatment.